Contents:
15.a Verbs and nouns15.b Adjectives and numbers
15.c More verbs and nouns
15.d Final practice
15.a: Verbs and nouns
Back to regular verbs, here are two more:
- the root רדף [r.d.f] means 'to chase'
- the root פתר [f.t.r] means 'to solve'
Today we'll learn the passive form of verbs. It's characterized by the נִ appearing ahead of the root, and certain changes in root vowels. Let's compare it with the active form we're used to:
דַן רוֹדֵף | [dan rodef] | Dan chases (or - is chasing) |
דַנַה רוֹדֵפֵת | [dana rodefet] | Dana chases |
דַן וֵלִיאוֹר רוֹדפִים | [dan velior rodfim] | Dan and Lior chase |
דַנַה וֵאוֹרנַה רוֹדפוֹת | [dana veorna rodfot] | Dana and Orna chase |
And in passive:
דַן נִרדַף | [dan nirdaf] | Dan is chased (or - is being chased) |
דַנַה נִרדֵפֵת | [dana nirdefet] | Dana is chased |
דַן וֵלִיאוֹר נִרדַפִים | [dan velior nirdafim] | Dan and Lior are chased |
דַנַה וֵאוֹרנַה נִרדַפוֹת | [dana veorna nirdafot] | Dana and Orna are chased |
And some new nouns:
מֵחִיר | price |
מַתַנַה | gift |
קוּפַה | cash desk |
Exercise – write the following in hebrew:
I'm (masc.) chasing after my dog; my dog is chased. | אַנִי רוֹדֵף אַחרֵי הכֵלֵב שֵלִי. הַכֵלֵב שֵלִי נִרדַף |
He's opening the door. The door is being opened. | הוּא פוֹתֵחַ אֵת הַדֵלֵת. הַדֵלֵת נִפתַחַת |
They (masc.) are checking the airplane. The airplane is being checked. | הֵם בוֹדקִים אֵת הַמַטוֹס. הַמַטוֹס נִבדַק |
What is heard? (typical israeli greeting) | מַה נִשמַע? |
The cash-desk is being closed every day. | הַקוּפַה נִסגֵרֵת כל יוֹם |
It's over (lit. - finished). | זֵה נִגמַר |
I bougt you (fem.) a gift. The gift is found in your room | קַנִיתִי לַך מַתַנַה. הַמַתַנַה נִמצֵאת בֵחֵדֵר שֵלַך. |
15.b Adjectives and numbers
Let's learn some more adjectives:
יַקַר | expensive, dear |
זוֹל | cheap |
שַווֵה | worth, worthwhile |
חַכַם | smart,intelligent |
We know to count until 100, so let's learn the word:
מֵאַה | 100 |
מַאתַייִם | 200 |
מֵאַה שלוֹשִים וֵאַחַת | 131 (lit. hundred thirty and one) |
מַאתַייִם אַרבַעִים וֵשלוֹש | 243 (lit. two hundred fourty and three) |
חַמֵש מֵאוֹת שִישִים | 560 (lit. five hundred sixty) |
שמוֹנֵה מֵאוֹת תִשעִים וֵשֵבַע | 897 (lit. eight hundred ninety and seven) |
Great, it's practice time:
How much costs the book, please? | כַמַה עוֹלֵה הַסֵפֵר, בֵבַקַשַה? |
He's worth 150 shekels. | הוּא שַווֵה מֵאַה חַמִישִים שקַלִים |
Oh, that's very expensive! | אוֹ, זֵה מֵאוֹד יַקַר! |
The green book, over there, is cheaper. | הסֵפֵר הַיַרוֹק, שַם, יוֹתֵר זוֹל. |
In a year there are 365 days. | בֵשַנַה יֵש שלוֹש מֵאוֹת שִישִים וֵחַמִישַה יַמִים |
She's a smart girl; she's always busy. | הִיא יַלדַה חַכַמַה; הִיא תַמִיד עַסוּקַה |
15.c More nouns and verbs
Some more verbs:
- the root דרש [d.r.sh] means 'to demand, require'
- the root שתק [sh.t.k] means 'to shut up, keep quiet'
- the root קשר [k.sh.r] means 'to tie, attach'
And more nouns:
חַנוּת | store |
שַעוֹן | watch (usually hand-watch) |
שַׂקִית | bag |
קוּפסַא | box |
Exercise – write in hebrew, pronounce and compare to the recorded version:
In a store there are always many bags. | בֵחַנוּת תַמִיד יֵש הַרבֵה שַׂקִיוֹת |
My watch is quiet, not going (any)more. | הַשַעוֹן שֵלִי שוֹתֵק, לא הוֹלֵך יוֹתֵר |
There are 450 stores in tel-aviv. | יֵש אַרבַע מֵאוֹת חַמִישִים חַנוּיוֹת בֵתֵל אַבִיב |
When i (masc.) don't have something important to say, i keep quiet. | כשֵאֵין לִי מַשֵהוּ חַשוּב לוֹמַר - אַנִי שוֹתֵק |
Children, you're required to pick up all the bags in garden. | יֵלַדִים, אַתֵם נִדרַשִים לֵאֵסוֹף אֵת כל הַשׂקִיוֹת בֵגַן |
With every day he's more and more attached to his girlfriend. | עִם כל יוֹם הוּא יוֹתֵר וֵיוֹתֵר נִקשַר לֵחַבֵרַה שֵלוֹ |
15.d Sentences
All right, let's finish the lesson with several useful words:
לִפעַמִים | sometimes |
אַף פַעַם | never |
מַהֵר | fast, rapidly |
לֵאַט | slowly |
Final exercise of the day!! Translate the dialogues without writing, and listen:
Flying
- Good morning. I (fem.) want to buy a present, for my boyfriend. | listen |
- All right. How old is he? | listen |
- He's 27. | listen |
- Do you know what he likes? | listen |
But i think that he already has many. | listen |
- Do you want to buy him clothes? Maybe - a pair of trousers, or shoes? | listen |
- Noo, that's really not what i want.. | listen |
- Mmm.. maybe a watch? A watch is always nice for a man. | listen |
- Yes, watch is good. Here, i like this watch. | listen |
- It costs 230. | listen |
- It's a bit expensive.. All right, i take it. What's the price? | listen |
Do you have a nice little box? A black one? | listen |
- Yes, i'm sure there is. Please, the gift waits for you in cash-desk. | listen |
- Thank you! | listen |
חנות מתנות:
- בוקר טוב. אני רוצה לקנות מתנה לחבר שלי.
- טוב. בן כמה הוא?
- הוא בן עשרים ושבע.
- את יודעת מה הוא אוהב?
- אני יודעת שהוא אוהב לקרוא ספרים ולראות סרטים.
אבל אני חושבת שיש לו כבר הרבה.
- את רוצה לקנות לו בגדים? אולי - זוג מכנסיים, או נעליים?
- לא, זה ממש לא מה שאני רוצה..
- ממ.. אולי שעון? שעון זה תמיד יפה לגבר.
- כן, שעון זה טוב. הנה, אני אוהבת את השעון הזה.
- הוא עולה מאתיים שלושים.
- זה קצת יקר.. טוב, אני לוקחת אותו. מה המחיר?
יש לך קופסא קטנה יפה? אחת שחורה?
- כן, אני בטוח שיש. בבקשה, המתנה מחכה לך בקופה.
- תודה לך!
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